Why do soft drinks cause obesity

J Am Coll Cardiol. Sugar-sweetened soda consumption, hyperuricemia, and kidney disease. Kidney International. Effect of sugar-sweetened beverages on oral health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. Department of Agriculture, U.

Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Washington, DC: U. Government Printing Office; external icon. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among U. No Consumption of sugar drinks in the United States, Daily intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among US adults in 9 states, by state and sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, Prev Chron Dis. There are many ways to get fruits and vegetables into your child's diet.

Read our tips and tricks, empower your child and get recipes. Exercise can help your child maintain a healthy weight. Our tips can make it a fun, family activity that helps your child achieve their goals.

Read on. Weight loss requires changes in everyday habits. Children who see their parents and loved ones modeling healthy behaviors may be more successful. Overweight children face a higher risk of health problems that include asthma, diabetes and more. Diet and exercise reduce some of these risks. Eating healthy can be challenging. We offer helpful tips that include what to eat, foods to avoid, common misconceptions and more. The best way to help an overweight child is by focusing on their health and not their weight.

Read our tips, which include using rewards and more. Providing a pleasant mealtime atmosphere enables your child to focus on eating. Read our tips for making meals enjoyable, handling misbehavior and more. Screen time, which includes watching TV, playing video games and using computers, makes children less active and more obese. Patient Education A-Z. Consider that: A ounce glass of orange juice contains calories, which is the same as eating three chocolate chip cookies.

Drinking just one ounce can of soda every day for a year is equal to 55, calories, or 15 pounds a year. The Truth About Juice Many people think of juice as an essential part of a child's diet.

For children who are overweight, the basic recommendation is no juice. The Truth About Soda Sodas and other sweetened drinks are full of sugar such as high-fructose corn syrup. How Sweet Drinks Add Up To fully understand the impact of sugary beverages, consider how the extra calories from these drinks add up and translate into pounds.

If a child drinks one soda and two glasses of Kool-Aid each day, the child is consuming roughly: calories for the glass of soda calories for two glasses of Kool-Aid calories each glass TOTAL: calories a day Over the course of one year, the child will consume an extra , calories from these drinks.

What Kids Should Drink Instead It's best for children and their parents to limit or eliminate juice, soda and other sugar-sweetened beverages. United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Reports Database. World Bank. PPP conversion factors. International comparison program database. World Development Indicators.

Global Health Observatory data repository: overweight and obesity. September Accessed 12 October Increased food energy supply as a major driver of the obesity epidemic: a global analysis.

Bull World Health Organ. Food and Agriculture Organization. Food and nutrition in numbers. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization; Goryakin Y, Suhrcke M. Economic development, urbanization, technological change and overweight: what do we learn from demographic and health surveys? Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Journal of Epidemiology. Global differences between women and men in the prevalence of obesity: is there an association with gender inequality?

Eur J Clin Nutr. Ferretti F, Mariani M. Gender discrimination, gender disparities in obesity and human development. Major multinational food and beverage companies and informal sector contributions to global food consumption: implications for nutrition policy. Glob Health. Trade and investment liberalization, food systems change and highly processed food consumption: a natural experiment contrasting the soft-drink markets of Peru and Bolivia. Globalization and Health.

The effect of sugar and processed food imports on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in countries. The impact of economic, political and social globalization on overweight and obesity in the 56 low and middle income countries. Soc Sci Med. A rapid evidence review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alcohol control policies: an English perspective.

Studenmund AH. Using econometrica. A practical guide. New York: Pearson; The World Bank. New country classifications by income level: — Definition of regional groupings.

Sugar content of popular sweetened beverages based on objective laboratory analysis: focus on fructose content. Livingston EH. Reimagining obesity in Using price policies to promote healthier diets. Accessed October 19, Taxes and sugar-sweetened beverages. Evidence that a tax on sugar sweetened beverages reduces the obesity rate: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries.

Nutr Rev. Measuring weight outcomes for obesity intervention strategies: the case of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax. Non-nutritive sweeteners: current use and health perspectives. Download references. The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and careful reading that helped improve the manuscript. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. FF: conceived and designed the study, collected the data, performed the experiments, analysed and interpreted the results, and wrote the paper.

MM: analysed and interpreted the results and wrote the paper. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Correspondence to Fabrizio Ferretti. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Including the following Tables and Figures: Table S1. Source and short description of each variable. Table S2. Raw data full dataset, with countries. Figure S1. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the prevalence of overweight.

Figure S2. Sugar-sweetened beverage affordability and the prevalence of overweight. XLS kb. Reprints and Permissions. Ferretti, F. Sugar-sweetened beverage affordability and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a cross section of countries. Global Health 15, 30 Download citation.

Received : 12 December Accepted : 03 April Published : 18 April Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.

Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Method Affordability considers the simultaneous effects of both price and disposable income on the buying decision. Results The analysis reveals that SSB affordability: 1 showed both a large variability across countries and a clear tendency to increase substantially with the level of economic development; 2 played a key role in determining cross-country differences in the amount of soft drink consumed per capita; and 3 was significantly associated with the prevalence rates of both overweight and obesity.

Conclusions By controlling for the main possible confounding factors, our results clearly indicate that affordability is a major driver of purchasing behaviours and is significantly associated with the prevalence rates of both overweight and obesity.

Table 1 Descriptive statistics Full size table. Table 2 Correlation coefficients Full size table. Methods Affordability refers to the quantity of resources, usually measured in terms of time or income, that a consumer needs to sacrifice to acquire a given amount of a specific good or service [ 31 ]. Results In Table 3 countries are clustered by their gross national income per capita, according to the World Bank income groups [ 51 ], to provide a first glimpse of SSB consumption, prices, and affordability worldwide.

Table 3 Average SSB consumption, price and affordability, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity, by country income level Full size table. Table 4 SSB consumption and affordability: top five countries by geographic region Full size table. Sugar-sweetened beverage affordability and consumption. Full size image. Table 5 Regression results: sugar-sweetened beverage demand function Full size table.

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the prevalence of obesity. Sugar-sweetened beverage affordability and the prevalence of obesity. Table 6 Regression results: sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, affordability and overweight Full size table.

Table 7 Regression results: sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, affordability and obesity Full size table.

Discussion The present study was designed to determine the effect of SSB affordability on the prevalence of overweight and obesity by using cross-sectional country data. Conclusions By using Coca-Cola as a proxy for all SSBs, a recent study found that, during the last decades, SSBs have become more affordable around the world and especially in developing countries [ 30 ]. Notes 1. References 1.